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The Six Martyrs ((アラビア語:الشھداء الستة)) were Six ''ulama'' of Shi'i Islam, living in different spans of history, who were executed by the regimes. The Shia remember them by the term Six Martyrs. ==Shahid al Awwal== Muhammad Jamaluddin al-Makki al-Amili (1334–1385) was the First Martyr and the author of ''Al-Lum'ah ad-Dimashqiya''(اللمعة(アラビア語:الدمشقية) "The Damascene Glitter"). He was born in 734 A.H (ca. 1334 ) in Jabal 'Amel and was killed on Thursday the ninth of Jumada al-awwal, 786 A.H. (ca. 1385), according to the fatwa of a Maliki jurisprudent that was endorsed by a Shafi`i jurisprudent. He was a pupil of the pupils of Allamah Hilli, amongst them Allamah's son, Fakhr al-Muhaqqiqin. Shi'i schools were banned and almost gone in Jabal 'Amel. When Muhammad al-Makki was 16 years old, he ventured to al-Hilla in Iraq where he was certified by Fakhr al-Muhaqqiqin the son of the famous al-Hilli. By the age 21, he returned to Jabal 'Amel and was already certified to narrate hadiths by many other famous scholars of Shi'a and Sunni doctrines of Najaf, Hebron, Makka, Medina, Quds, Damascus, and Baghdad. He also built good relations with Sultan Ali ibn al-Mu'ayyad ((アラビア語:علي )بن المؤيد) of Khorasan. After one-year imprisonment, he was killed by the sword, then crucified, then stoned, and finally his body was set to fire in Damascus in the days of the Sultan Barquq. Due to the crusaders wars the area was suffering from poverty and ignorance was rampant as the Mamlukes took over and established a despotic rule in the region. The First Martyr came from a very distinguished family, and the generations that succeeded him preserved this honour. He had three sons who were all 'ulema and jurisprudents, and his wife and daughter were likewise jurisprudents.〔Meerza Muhammad Suleman Tankabini, ''Qasas-ul-Ulema (Stories of Ulema)''〕〔Muhammad Hussain Najafi, ''Shuhada-e-Khamsa kay Halaat-e-Zindagi''〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Five Martyrs of Shia Islam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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